AI Boom Raises Alarm Over Growing Climate Impact
The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence is raising serious concerns among scientists, who warn that its growing energy and resource demands could significantly worsen the climate crisis.
Experts highlight that large-scale AI systems rely on massive data centres, many of which are powered by fossil fuels. In some cases, these facilities are generating pollution levels comparable to major power plants, contributing to rising greenhouse gas emissions.
The issue is becoming particularly visible in countries like Ireland, where data centres already consume a substantial share of national electricity and are expected to demand even more in the coming years. This surge in energy use is putting pressure on power grids and, in some cases, slowing progress toward clean energy transitions.
Globally, data centres currently account for around 1% of electricity consumption, but projections suggest this figure could increase sharply. In the United States, their share could more than double by 2035, driven by the rapid adoption of AI technologies.
While some technology companies are investing in renewable energy and nuclear power to meet demand, fossil fuels are still expected to dominate energy supply in the near term. This creates a paradox where cutting-edge digital innovation may depend on outdated, carbon-intensive energy sources.
Despite these concerns, some researchers argue that AI could also play a positive role in tackling climate change. Applications such as improving renewable energy systems, optimizing power grids, and enhancing energy efficiency could reduce emissions in other sectors.
However, critics warn that these potential benefits remain uncertain and may be offset by the sheer scale of AI deployment. The lack of transparency from major tech companies regarding their true energy consumption further complicates efforts to assess the overall impact.
There are also concerns that AI could indirectly increase emissions by boosting consumption, enabling more efficient fossil fuel extraction, or encouraging higher energy use through automation and digital services.
Scientists stress that without careful regulation and transparency, the rapid growth of AI could become a significant obstacle in the global effort to limit warming and achieve climate targets.