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Central Africa Grapples with Climate Shocks, Humanitarian Crises, and Political Challenges

Central Africa is facing a critical convergence of climate disasters, humanitarian crises, and political challenges, according to Abdou Abarry, UN Special Representative for Central Africa. Addressing the UN Security Council, he highlighted that more than three million people have been displaced by extreme weather events and disasters this year alone. This has deepened existing socio-economic vulnerabilities and emphasized the urgent need for stronger climate action and international support.

Climate and Humanitarian Challenges

The Congo Basin forest, often called the "second green lung" of the planet, absorbs over a billion tons of carbon dioxide annually and plays a vital role in global climate regulation. Recognized as essential at COP29, the forest is under threat due to insufficient international climate financing. Less than 15% of pledged funding has been delivered, leaving the region ill-equipped to address escalating climate challenges.

Humanitarian conditions are also deteriorating across Central Africa. Massive population displacements, compounded by emerging health crises like Mpox outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), are straining already limited resources. Mr. Abarry urged the international community to intensify efforts, warning that the current level of assistance is inadequate to address the growing needs.

Political and Electoral Developments

The region is also navigating complex political transitions. Legislative elections were recently held in Rwanda, while preparations are underway for key elections in 2025, including in Burundi, Cameroon, Gabon, and the Central African Republic (CAR). Several countries, such as Chad, Cameroon, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Gabon, have sought UN assistance for electoral processes, reflecting their trust in the organization's ability to ensure fair and transparent elections.

Efforts to resolve disputes peacefully are ongoing. Gabon and Equatorial Guinea have referred their border disagreement to the International Court of Justice (ICJ), while Chad and CAR are engaged in high-level dialogues to address border security issues. These steps underscore the region's commitment to regional stability and cooperation despite ongoing challenges.

Regional Stability and Countering Insurgencies

Insurgencies, particularly in the Lake Chad Basin, remain a pressing concern. Boko Haram and its affiliates continue to carry out attacks, destabilizing communities and undermining peace efforts. A joint UN mission recently advocated for strengthening the Multinational Joint Task Force, which plays a pivotal role in countering these threats and maintaining regional security.

Looking Ahead: Climate Resilience, Humanitarian Aid, and Peacebuilding

Mr. Abarry outlined key priorities for the region, including increasing international funding for climate resilience, humanitarian assistance, and peace initiatives. He called for a renewed focus on the Congo Basin's preservation, addressing the root causes of displacement, and providing sustainable solutions for affected populations.

The UN Regional Office for Central Africa (UNOCA) is committed to supporting these efforts. In February 2025, the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), in collaboration with UNOCA, will convene a summit to address climate and humanitarian challenges, aiming to foster sustainable development and resilience.

A Call for Multilateral Cooperation

Concluding his address, Mr. Abarry expressed optimism for a future rooted in multilateral cooperation, guided by the principles of the UN Charter and the Pact for the Future. He emphasized that revitalized global partnerships are essential to ensuring peace, justice, and prosperity for the region. "The staggering needs of Central Africa cannot be met with the current pace of action," he warned, calling on the international community to act decisively and with urgency to secure a sustainable and equitable future for the region.